Wednesday 21 November 2018

63.LIFE AT A LEISURELY PACE-1

63.LIFE AT A LEISURELY PACE-1

Up a lazy river by the old mill run
The lazy, lazy river in the noon day sun
Linger in the shade of a kind old tree
Throw away your troubles
Dream a dream with me-ee


song by Hoagy Carmichael and Sidney Arodin, published in 1930.

Youngsters today cannot imagine what life was like before the advent of the cell phone, TV, Internet. These gadgets have added to the hurly burly of life. By providing superficial excitement over trifles, they  distract us from better things, detract us from our own selves, constantly prompting us to look out, and lose ourselves in reactions. 

ALL INDIA RADIO: CLASSICAL SLANT




Before the TV came to India in a big way in the 70s,  films and radio were the two main channels for entertainment. Music lovers of all types became serious radio addicts. All India Radio provided excellent classical fare at fixed hours morning and evening.  The Saturday night  "National Programme of Music " was quite an event, eagerly awaited by music lovers.  The yearly Radio Sangeet Sammelan concerts were live events. They were excellent programs, featuring great Indian artistes.Most artistes considered it  an honour to be featured in these programs. They were available for free- we only  had to pay a nominal annual licence fee  to keep the radio set. As these programs were relayed by all the stations of AIR, the reception was usually good, though confined to MW. After cassette tape recorders came on the market, we could  record the programs, and later edit and make our own tapes.

IF MUSIC BE THE FOOD OF LOVE- 
IT WAS NOT FOR AIR!

 Indian films usually had a strong music content- both by way of song sequences and in the background. [ This is a tradition carried over from the era of stage dramas, which were full of musical dialogues and interludes.] But  lovers of film music had a hard time. AIR did not encourage film music under the notion that it was degenerate or something! So, film music fans had to turn to Radio Ceylon! And RC did offer wonderful fare- especially on Hindi  movie songs. I was an addict through the 50s and 60s- listening 5-6 hours daily!. Their SW broadcast was reasonably good in most places, subject to weather.(and local power supply!)



But one needed a good radio receiver. Murphy, National Ekco, Telerad, Telefunken were good sets. Philips Novosonic  models were superb!

Philips novosonic valve radio which we had at home.





There was something specially attractive about the Radio Ceylon features. The announcers- Gopal Sharma, Dharam Dhillon, Shiv Kumar Saroj were  good, and there was a personal touch in the way they went about.


Pehli Tarikh- Kishore Kumar
Pic. from YouTube.

I particularly remember one incident. On the  first of every month, they would invariably broadcast a song of  Kishore Kumar about "Pehli Tarikh", from the film of the same name:



दिन है सुहाना आज पहली तारीख है - २
खुश है ज़माना आज पहली तारीख है
पहली तारीख अजी पहली तारीख है

 " Din hai suhana aaj pehli tarikh hai, 
Khush hai zamana aaj pehli tarikh hai
Pehli tarikh aji pehli tarikh hai". 

It is a beautiful day, today is the first of the month
The world is happy, it is the first of the month
First of the month,Oh dear, it is the first of the month!

 This  was quite a hilarious song, and long. The delightful music was composed by Sudhir Phadke, and Qamar Jalalabadi wrote the lyrics. It would be broadcast at 7.30 a.m  on the first of every month! Once, they could not play the record fully and announced that the record had become worn out . And they requested the listeners to send them a good record if available with them! What a nice way to connect with lakhs of their listeners all over the world!

HINDI FILM MUSIC? GO TO RADIO CEYLON!

It was ironical that Radio Ceylon became the only source of broadcast of Indian film music which was becoming very popular, and in fact making people  crazy! The then I&B Minister B.V.Keskar felt that Indian classical music was dwindling especially in North India, and that a newly Independent India on the road to development should not lose touch with its cultural heritage. He felt that Hindi film music was generally erotic and Westernized, with Western instruments predominating! He allotted very little time for  film music . The songs were screened, just the singer's name was announced  and  the name of the film was not mentioned, as that  would amount to  advertisement! This ban came into force in 1952; the film industry opposed it and  no songs were given to AIR to broadcast! Film music totally disappeared from AIR. So, Radio Ceylon grew, and grew!

GEETON KA TOOFAAN!



https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ameen-Sayani.jpg

Perhaps its most popular and prestigious program was the Binaca Geet Mala. It ran for an hour every Wednesday night, from 1952 to 1988, with Ameen Sayani as the host! What a magical voice he had and the way he introduced the songs was exciting. We waited impatiently every week for Wednesday. It was a matter of prestige for the music director for his  song to be included in it, as indicating its popularity among the public. But after the mid-60s I lost interest in it as the song quality declined, and vain hype soared.

Unfortunately,its very popularity led to  malpractices.  By 1956, some music directors started paying for inclusion of their songs.  Or  had to invoke the clout of the record company. Producers had to arrange with Radio Ceylon for pre-release publicity of their films, or their songs would not be aired,  and those who did not stoop to that level found their songs missing!  [Mughal E Azam songs were not aired for two weeks!]






[For details, see: Raju Bharatan: Naushadnama,2013; A Journey Down Melody Lane,2010.Both published by Hay House India.]
Book cover shown here for educational purpose.







A few of the favourite things!

The daily 7.30 to 8.00 a.m slot on old film songs, weekly features like 'Badalte Huwe Saathi', 'Do Pehlu, Do Rang, Do Geet', 'Jab Aap Gaa Uthe' were regular favourites. And the top of the fare was the Sunday night feature 'Hamesha jawan geeton' : Aap ke anurodh par.  It would conclude by 11p.m. Immediately would follow the Ceylon National Anthem: Namo Namo Mata![ This anthem reportedly has an association with Rabindranath Tagore, either  with its lyrics or music; in any case, its Srilankan author-Ananda Samarakoon-  had studied  under Tagore in Shantiniketan! The anthem was later changed, and Samarakoon committed suicide!]

AIR FALLS IN LINE!

AIR woke up late and bowed to the inevitable: in October 1957, they inaugurated Vividh Bharati to broadcast cine music.In 1962 it became commercial, accepting advertisements. It became popular, but could never match Radio Ceylon's performance in its heyday. 

In retrospect, there is some justification for the stand of B.V.Keskar, though we need not go the whole hog with him. Over the years, our film music has become trash, crass and just empty sound. It has also debased public taste. But the irony is that in Kelkar's own day, our film music was good, often excellent, and quite a lot of it was based on our classical, semi-classical and folk music; it was just the orchestration that gave  a new twist even to a classical or semi-classical melody! I wonder how Keskar missed this.
In fact, in that same year  1952 was released the film "Baiju Bawra" with wonderful songs all based on classical music! It is still ranked high by pundits and popular opinion alike. It so happens that the 1950s are regarded  by connoisseurs as the golden period of our film music and those songs are enormously popular even now , thanks to YouTube.  A student of music can easily discover that most of those songs which are still remembered 60 years later are mainly based on our own Classical Ragas! Many films have been lost and with them their music. By neglecting film music in the 50s, AIR did a great disservice to the country's musical heritage.  It is damaging our heritage  further by broadcasting all the current trash in the name of  music!
When we develop a taste for music, we begin to dislike films. Often, the song is not picturised well, we may not like the actors. In the olden days we had to view the film to listen to the song fully, and its sound was also better. But now, we can enjoy the music separately.



Pic from panchamagic.org

ORCHESTRATION TO BLAME?

Orchestration can be annoying,  or excessive or inappropriate in some situations. But good orchestration generally enhances the quality and appeal of the song. Remove the orchestration from some of the famous songs and see how bland they sound! We should also remember  that  masters of the Hindustani tradition have played instruments in our films- Pannalal Ghosh, Ustad Bismillah Khan, Shiv Kumar Sharma, Hariprasad Chaurasia, Zakir Hussain, Rais Khan - have all played for films!  Ustad Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan played sitar for songs in such movies as Anarkali, Goonj Uthi Shehnai  Jhanak Jhanak Payal Bhaje, Mughal E Azam, Kohinoor, etc. which are favourites even today. Pandit Ravi Shankar, Shiv-Hari, Allah Rakha , Ali Akbar Khan have composed film music too! Ustads Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Amir Khan and Pt. Bhimsen Joshi have sung in films! 


Pic. from Scroll.in When we talk of orchestration, we cannot forget the Goan musicians who played the various instruments and enriched our film music. Highly talented and trained in Western Classical music, with their knowledge of notations and other niceties like chords , they introduced many excellent features in our film music, like interludes, counter melody etc. These musicians enriched our film orchestration especially since the 50s.
The contributions of men like Anthony Gonsalves. Chic Chocolate and Sebastian D'Souza are immense.



Gonsalves demonstrating some violin technique.
Pic copyright status not known-shown here for purely educational purpose and as a tribute.


Sebastian D'Souza



Chic Chocolate, on his glorious trumpet!Pic from https://www.serendipityartsfestival.com/chic-chocolate/
These pictures are given here as these masters deserve to be acknowledged.

Our love for our classical music should not make us deaf and blind to the beauties of Western music. East or West, good music is God's gift.

FILM MUSIC- BRIDGE TO CLASSICAL MUSIC?
Not a Bridge Too Far!

There is  weight  and depth in classical music and sublime sophistication. It is not easy for the uninitiated to appreciate it, though most people have an ear for music.  Good film music can easily serve as a bridge to more serious kind of music. But we need a guide even to appreciate good film music. Most of the old music directors  in films were trained in classical music-vocal or instrumental and most singers too were trained. In those days of elementary recording technology, it was not a joke to compose a song based on a Raga and have it sung within just 3 or 4 minutes, which was the time limit for the old 78 rpm format. Yet many of those old songs still linger in our memory. Still, the most successful music directors in films have not been practising musicians, but those with a good understanding of music and its nuances. 
 Our old film composers could come up with many tunes in the same Ragas- literally scores. While it speaks of the deep roots and richness  of our classical music, it also reveals the creative genius of our composers. It will come as a revelation for many if they know that some of the most popular songs are based on Ragas.
Some examples:

    Song                           Film                    Raga      Music Director
- Mera jutha hai japani ( Shri 420 )    Bhairavi           Shanker Jaikishan
- Tu Ganga ki Mauj ( Baiju Bawra)     Bhairavi             Naushad

(Both these songs are based on the same Raga! But see the range and the mood! )

-Man re tu kahe na dhir dhare (Chitralekha)   Yaman   Roshan
-Panchi banun udthi phirun mast gagan mein (Chori Chori)  Bhupali Shanker Jaikishan
-Chand phir nikla (Paying Guest )) Shudh Kalyan                S.D.Burman
- Rasik balma      (Chori Chori)        Shudh Kalyan       Shanker Jaikishan

( Again two songs  based on the same Raga. See the subtle differences in the melody!That is the genius of our music directors.)

-Hum aaj kahin dil kho baithe ( Andaz-1949)  Jaijaiwanti  Naushad
-Zindagi Usi ki hai (Anarkali) Kaafi-Kirwani-Bhimpalasi- a fantastic mix! C.Ramchandra
- Main pagal, mera manwa pagal (Ashiana)    Kedar        Madan Mohan
-Sau bar janam lenge  Ustadon Ke Ustad   Durbari kanada          Ravi
-Kuch toh log kahenge   Amar Prem          Khamaj                 R.D.Burman
-So gaya sara zamana    Miss Mary             Pahadi             Hemant Kumar
- Zindagi kwab hai        Jagte Raho           Pilu               Salil Chaudhary

It is not my intention to give an elaborate list. I just wanted to show that from the veteran composers to the modern ones, they have all given us gems based on Ragas. It is  the modern style of orchestration that sometimes makes it difficult for us to discern the Raga! ( It is not that they copied or repeated the whole Raga- they just took the essential feature and wove their tunes round it. So they composed many tunes based on the same Raga! It will be fascinating to list the many songs in the same Raga!



Films have come to stay as a form of modern art- whether we like it or not. It is a distinguishing feature of Indian films that they incorporate music as an essential, not incidental, element. To the extent our music directors base their compositions on our traditional music- be it classical, semi-classical, folk- they are in fact extending their boundaries. They have to work within the logic and grammar of the film as a medium; but while the films fade, and the stars disappear, the music survives. This is what we are experiencing from the  film music of the 50s. Poor Keskar did not understand this.




HMV- the most famous record music label we grew up with!
Shown here for purely historical interest.
http://oriental-traditional-music.blogspot.com/2016/11/vilayat-khan-sitar-imrat-khan-surbahar.html



The original painting. Francis Barraud painted Nipper, his brother's dog in 1899.  This became the trademark of Victor Talking Machine Company.
Pic from Wikimedia Commons.





HAPPY LISTENING!

AIR is sitting on a huge pile of classical recordings by great masters. It  did not make serious efforts to bring out audio tapes or CDs of those recordings, while much inferior stuff rained on the market. The AIR is really like the donkey carrying a load of camphor or sandal wood whose aroma  or value it does not know!  What else can we expect  from bureaucrats? Here again, thanks to YouTube, we are able to listen to old masters- even whole concerts are available.

Our enjoyment of music in the 50s and 60s was  leisurely. Life itself was  a lot more leisurely : unhurried chase and unperturbed pace, as Francis Thompson would say. We were not  rich, but contented and happy with simple things, knowing full well that we had no silver spoon on our tongue. Money still had real value. We enjoyed what we had, and did not pine for what was beyond reach. We were not taught to be competitive or tempted to imitate or envy our neighbour. Commercial advertisements did not tell us that we could not be happy without this drink or that toothpaste or this new gadget! So our mind was free of needless burdens to let us enjoy the things we had- and music was the best of them!




Man and dog listening to the radio!
Pic from Dreamtime.com

Our leisurely pace had two sides: the matter we enjoyed and the manner. Music was the finest of the fine arts we could enjoy: the more we heard, the more we wanted to hear! And we had all the time in the world! While a classical music concert would last over 4 hours in those days, we would normally spend 3 to 4 hours  daily in front of the radio: yes, it had literally to be in front! And we had to be patient. It was a thrill to get your favourite song on the radio, as we could not choose what we liked, and what we heard lingered long in our ears! Today, music is on tap and for that very reason seems to have lost much of its charm! Above all, we do not have the leisure that serious music demands for appreciation!

Sunday 29 July 2018

60. LONG MAY YOU LIVE !


60. LONG MAY YOU LIVE !


“Long life is the reward of the righteous; gray hair is a glorious crown.” Proverbs 16:31 

It is the Indian tradition to bless youngsters with long life. There are many religious formulas for conferring blessings on ceremonial occasions, and such blessings are legion; but the blessing of long life is the supreme benediction.

LONG LIFE ! 60,70.80....  


 How long is really "long"? There are different ideas. The Biblical age is taken to be 'three score and ten' ie seventy years. Yet all over the world, there is a fascination with the number 100. We read of people who have crossed a hundred, and some communities in obscure corners of the earth are said to live phenomenally long lives. There is a natural awe and respect, and some mystery and fascination, surrounding those who have lived a hundred years.

Indian religious tradition celebrates the completion of 60 years as a significant milestone in one's life. Even more honoured is the completion of 80 years which amounts to having witnessed a thousand moons! The real significance is not in the number as such, but in the wealth of experience and learning [wisdom?] that such a long life supposedly involves.. In the olden days when learning was oral and not through books and literacy so much, people who crossed such milestones were really pillars of society.

CENTURY OF LIFE

 However, Hindu tradition confers great honour on a life of hundred years. There is a famous Vedic prayer which expresses the earnest wish to behold the sun for a hundred years-sarada satam! [Here, the sun is not the mere physical sun, but stands for the Supreme. Asavaadityo Brahma: Brahmaiva ahamasmi]

Pasyema saradasatam
Jeevaema saradasatam
Nandaama saradasatam
Modama saradasatam
Bhavaama saradasatam
Srunavaama saradasatam
Prabravaama saradasatam
Ajeetaasyaama saradasatam
Jyokcha sooryam drusae.

QUALITY COUNTS!

It is to be noted that the wish is not for merely a hundred years of life- it expresses some definite images. We should be able to see and enjoy the sun for a hundred years; we should be able to enjoy with our relatives and friends; we should be happy for a hundred years; we should live with reputation/fame for a hundred years; we should be of sweet utterance for a hundred years; we should remain unconquered by evil for a hundred years- it is thus that we wish to live and enjoy the sun for a hundred years. It is thus not mere length of life but the quality stuffed into it!

This sentiment is stated in another verse in the Veda. 

 भद्रं कर्णेभिः शृणुयाम देवाः ।
भद्रं पश्येमाक्षभिर्यजत्राः ।
स्थिरैरङ्गैस्तुष्टुवाग्‍ँसस्तनूभिः ।
व्यशेम देवहितं यदायूः 

Om Bhadram Karnnebhih Shrnnuyaama Devaah |
Bhadram Pashyema-Akssabhir-Yajatraah |
Sthirair-Anggais-Tussttuvaamsas-Tanuubhih |
Vyashema Devahitam Yad-Aayuh |


Om. O Devas, may we hear with our ears what is auspicious.
May we see with our eyes what is auspicious and adorable
May we be prayerful, and may our bodies be steady.
May we thus dedicate our lifespan allotted by the Devas!

Here, the stress is not on the number hundred, but the essential quality of life- that we must be steady in our limbs, and our life must be one of dedication to the Supreme, seeing and hearing what is auspicious and noble. Thus should we wish to live whatever the lifespan that is allotted to us!

Thus we see the subtle teaching hidden in these common words; that life is valued for its quality, not mere length. Such a life is the result of some light, and striving. This sentiment is expressed beautifully by Ben Jonson in a famous poem:

It is not growing like a tree
In bulk doth make Man better be;
Or standing long an oak, three hundred year,
To fall a log at last, dry, bald, and sere:
A lily of a day
Is fairer far in May,
Although it fall and die that night— 
It was the plant and flower of light.
In small proportions we just beauties see;
And in short measures life may perfect be. 


CULTS OF LONG LIFE


However, popular imagination is taken up with the idea of long life.There are many cults with their lanes and bylanes which prescribe many novel ways to prolong life. There are many people in India who speak of yogis and siddhas who supposedly lived for hundreds of years. There were also some who were out to discover a potion that would ensure very long life, if not ward off mortality altogether. People still talk of "kayakalpam". Alas! none of them has survived, except in silly tales.
These days, there are also scientific speculations and advice on how to live to be 100 and beyond!

LIFE- ITS MEANING



But beyond this is the greater question of the meaning of life itself! This is a question peculiar to mankind. Of all forms of life, man alone is endowed with the urge to know. And the quest for knowledge ultimately leads to the great barrier: all life ends physically; "The paths of glory lead but to the grave", as Thomas Gray said. Do we stop here  and take it as the final truth or inquire if anything is beyond it? 


This is a question which Nachiketas asked of Yama; this is the question that troubled the Buddha. The first of the four noble truths is that samsara is dukkha. Dukkha is not mere sorrow or suffering- it is a state of restlessness, unease. How does it happen? It happens because of the knowledge that no matter how long  and how well we live, that life would end! But is that the end, really, finally? Buddha did not think so.
Image:museumangewandtekunst.de





And before him, Nachiketas did not think so. Nachiketas was not fooled by the offer of a very long life granted by Yama! He said, however long, it must end! So the real gift is the gift of knowledge of what lies beyond death! It is its secret that he wanted to pierce, the mystery he wanted to unravel. And the answer was that there is really no end. Transience is transcended. Mortality is conquered.Man is immortal. This is realised in the transformation of consciousness.Man the limited, individual being realises his oneness with All That Exists- the very Source of Life. 

IMMORTALITY

Thus seen, Life is endless. One lifetime is but an episode in the endless chain of Life! This is the secret behind the phenomenon of rebirth. The cycle of rebirth continues so long as one does not sight the Sun of Immortality, so long as one does not sense the secret of the Self! So, the real blessing of  long life is really to urge one to find this secret, which is the fount of Eternity. 

All great Sages and Saints have experienced this and sung it in song and hymn. At times some great poets have also glimpsed this.


Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting: 
The Soul that rises with us, our life's Star, 
Hath had elsewhere its setting, 
And cometh from afar: 
Not in entire forgetfulness, 
And not in utter nakedness, 
But trailing clouds of glory do we come 

From God, who is our home: .........

Mighty Prophet! Seer blest! 
On whom those truths do rest, 
Which we are toiling all our lives to find, 
In darkness lost, the darkness of the grave; 
Thou, over whom thy Immortality 
Broods like the Day, a Master o'er a Slave, 
A Presence which is not to be put by; 
Thou little Child, yet glorious in the might 
Of heaven-born freedom on thy being's height, 

Wordsworth. Ode: Intimations of Immortality. 1807

This is the truth of our being - that man is Immortal. So the Upanishad calls men "Amrutasya Putra: Ye children of Immortality". शृण्वन्तु बिश्वे अमृतस्य पुत्रा   'Listen Ye the children of Immortality all over the world!'

Thus long life really means recovering our knowledge of Immortality which we have forgotten.






Tuesday 5 June 2018

56.RETIREMENT AND ITS DISCONTENTS


56. RETIREMENT and its DISCONTENTS


from www.tradenewswire.net. 

For those in service, retirement follows as surely as night follows day. Yet few people are really prepared for a life of happy retirement.

For those in the professions like doctors, lawyers, accountants and the self employed, there is virtually no retirement; they can work as long as they can, physically and mentally. For some like teachers, there is formal retirement, but they continue to be engaged privately. Retirement affects only those in service .

Ironically, it hits hardest those who depend most on service for living and ego satisfaction or a sense of self-worth! It hits the honest, more than the corrupt! It hits the middle class, more than the others.

FACING RETIREMENT

When we know retirement is certain, why should it hit or hurt us?
Retirement is a new experience for most middle class Indians who know no world outside their work place. Retirement hits them simultaneously on several fronts and counts.
-diminution and uncertainty of income
-reduced or shrunken social role and status
- unmarketable skills which affect self-esteem
-rootlessness
- forced change of lifestyle

Lack of preparation is at the root of most of these troubles. With improvements in health services the post-retirement life is quite long  for most and even longer than service life for many. But people do not  prepare for retired life as consciously or actively as they prepare to enter service. In many cases, preparation or planning in any meaningful measure is just not possible. This adversely affects the quality of life after retirement.

COUNSELLING

It is only recently that we hear of counselling for retirement. Even organizations conduct training programs for their employees and educate them on retirement. Most of them focus on financial aspects.However,  education does not amount to preparation. Even that comes too late in the day. 

Most employers in the so called Organized sector do have plans for retirement, like Provident Fund and Pension. Those in govt. service are best placed in this respect: they have good salary with next to no work; there is automatic periodic revision of pay and perks, often out of proportion to their contribution; and fabulous retirement benefits by way of pension which too is automatically revised upward. Those in the public sector come next but the bureaucrats actively lobby and conspire against revision of pension for other employees. Those in the private sector come third: those in the organized sector often do well if their companies do well. Those in the unorganized sector fare ill, even with all the trade union might behind them.




But in these days of economic turbulence, nothing can be taken for granted, except change. Surely, one has heard of "Who Moved My Cheese?"



Cover of the famous book shown here for purely educational purpose. Published by
Random House UK, 1999.




UNDONE BY INFLATION


The problem with these plans is Inflation. In India, inflation has been raging or reigning continuously from Independence. Inflation has averaged 8% annually, since 1971, hovered around 6% between 1999 and 2007. It rose to above 30% in 1974. What we planned 30 or 35 years ago is hardly sufficient when retirement comes. Savings are eroded, and pension does not keep pace with the rising cost of living, except for the bureaucrats. Investment in gold has historically proved to be a safer hedge against inflation in the long run. But it locks up liquidity.

I give one personal example.  In 1966, I took an insurance policy for Rs. 10,000 which was a princely sum then ( considering a monthly salary of Rs.400, when gold was Rs.72 per 10 grams), maturing after 33 years, with monthly premium being Rs.27.71 On retirement, it amounted to Rs.75,000 with bonus, whereas the mere value of Rs. 10,000 adjusted for inflation, which was cumulatively more than 1000% should have been more than Rs.1, 20,000. It is therefore clear how I was cheated legally by the system out of my own savings!  No government scheme protects you from inflation. The Finance Minister is the biggest robber in the country.

I give another example, that of my  neighbour, about how inflation hits retired people. When  he retired in 2000,[after service of 35 years] his flat had a  rent of  Rs.9000 p.m. with a maintenance payment of Rs.900. Today, the same flat carries a rent of Rs.30,000 p.m., with the maintenance charge of Rs.4000 plus charges for tanker water amounting to Rs.500 p.m.  In these years all govt rates, administered prices, medical and educational expenses, and general prices  have risen considerably. But his pension has remained the same. He was not a government employee, so his pension is not revised. Even though his organization has created a pension fund out of its own income, and is not dependent on govt. contribution, and can afford to revise the pension, the dastardly civil service goonies of Delhi are against any  revision. I use the word Dastardly deliberately, for these Delhi bureaucrats have, quite maliciously, blocked revision proposals for the last 15 years, while their own pensions have been revised thrice!. It seems only they have blood, others carry water in their veins.

PROBLEMS BESIDES FINANCE

So, the immediate problem of retirement is financial stability, and the risk to maintaining the standard of living. One has to downscale. However, in these days of so called development, one is not really free to avoid many expenses. Downscaling may come in some essential areas.

Also, there  are other, deeper problems, basically psychological and social.How to remain active with no routine, how to spend time meaningfully with no active occupation, and without the usual companions- these are big issues. And these cannot be tackled unless the person has  cultivated some active habits, interests and hobbies outside his area of work over the years. Here emerges the true person, shorn of the mask he has been wearing!

Most retirees would be shocked to learn how the skills and competencies they  cultivated during their years of service have become outdated and irrelevant, and unwanted.50 years ago, one could enter the job market with a general academic qualification, like a degree in languages or humanities or social sciences, or even in the basic sciences; and even without a degree for most low paying jobs. They learned on  the job, and acquired needed skills.Such people are especially likely to find themselves unwanted after retirement. Technology  change is so fast and furious, even those with professional qualifications are required to keep updating , and at some stage become outdated. True, many retired persons get employed, some are forced to do so; but this is mostly of the nature of liaison work, and nothing more productive. And this happens at much lower remuneration than before. There is no organizational memory and even vital contributions made during service are forgotten or appropriated by others, so that they are denied even some psychological satisfaction.. Those who looked upon their service as their only  or main window to the world are likely to suffer most.They would feel like a burnt match stick. Senior civil servants resort to writing their memoirs to satisfy their ego, provided they can find a publisher or are able to finance the publication! Everyone is not a V.P.Menon, though! 

FAMILY AND SOCIETY

The problems of retirement are hugely compounded by the changes in family norms and society and polity. Joint families having disappeared, retirees are on their own and have to fend for themselves. They don't have much emotional support outside. Children and their spouses do not wish to stay with parents or in laws. Neighbourhoods have disappeared, and life in housing complexes is anonymous. Most retirees of today are likely to hail from small towns which too have changed and lost their character and quality. There too their old families and links are likely to have disappeared or displaced.
They have lost their old roots, and it is too late to find or foster new ones.

PREPARE OR ADJUST AND COPE

Today, awareness about retirement is spreading. This is surely a welcome development.Youngsters are advised to plan actively for retirement, and in some cases even to seek premature retirement, so that they can take up their pet projects or dreams. Even so, the focus is on financial independence, and this applies only above certain income levels. High incomes prevail only in certain sectors like IT ,  financial services, and huge corporates, and this has created vast distortions across sectors and in society. Prices are uniform but not the capacity to face them. It is certainly not easy or even possible for most to save high today to provide for the possibility of a better tomorrow. Most counsellors today  talk   as if they can  anticipate and   control inflation. Indian economy is still under unsettling transition, along with its society; and in the light of global uncertainties, no one can say what rate of saving is good for the future and what sum will see one safe through inflation.

THE STOICAL TURN



Cover of a recent book. Portfolio, 2016.
Shown here for purely educational purpose.

We cannot tackle the situation unless we turn Stoics. The  Stoic philosophers of ancient Greece asked us to discriminate between what is beyond our control and what is within our control. We have to accept what is beyond  our sphere of  control and influence. No use blaming inflation or the finance minister. Finance ministers will come and go, inflation will stay. We cannot stall the social changes, or suit them to our will or will them our way. We each have to negotiate our way, given the changes. This is what we can, and should, manage.

God, grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change,
Courage to change the things I can,
And wisdom to know the difference.


Serenity Prayer

VANAPRASTHA

The traditional Hindu system talks of a stage of voluntary detachment from society in our progress towards a fulfilled life. They call it Vanaprastha. Today there are no Vanas, only concrete jungles where we live. If we have cultivated such detachment over the years, and reduced our exposure to the outside influences which are not in accord with the true purposes of life (Purushartha), we will not be bothered by retirement. We may even look forward to it. In that case, retirement will not be seen as the end of the road, but as the beginning  of a new pathway. It can be the beginning of a more meaningful phase of life. We can rediscover ourselves and the world. If an Indian feels uncomfortable with retirement, it shows how far he is from our own ideals!

REPACK BAGS!

During our days of active employment, we identify ourselves overwhelmingly with our economic and social roles, with our public face. We are largely dead to ourselves. We hardly reflect on deeper questions of our true identity, or on the meaning of life, our true aims or role in life and society. We move about like robots, mechanically performing conventional functions and following some routines, responding to others' demands, expectations, prescriptions.. Retirement forces a break in such a movement. That is why it hits us. But it need not necessarily be so.It can be a call to awakening. If we are given to a little reflection that life is larger than the roles we play, that the organization we work for is not really dependent on us and can  and will go on without us, that we work for a living and our life is not encased or defined wholly by our work, retirement will not be so unwelcome. We have of course to give our best to the work we do, as anything less detracts from our own dignity. But we are more than our roles in the economy and society. Retirement is the school of life which teaches us this important lesson. It puts us in touch with our real, deeper selves. From being preoccupied with what we do, we face the issue of who we are. Life assumes a new dimension.

Retirement unsettles us first, so that we may settle better in life, may be at a higher level!To face retirement happily and with confidence, we should prepare ourselves and repack our bags. The rest we leave to Providence.


 Fears and scruples shake us.
In the great hand of God I stand, and thence
Against the undivulged pretense I fight.

Banquo in Macbeth


Cover of the book, worth reading.
Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 
3rd edition. 2012. Shown here for purely educational purpose.

THERE IS LIFE BEYOND RETIREMENT!


Tho' much is taken, much abides; and tho' 
We are not now that strength which in old days 
Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are; 
One equal temper of heroic hearts, 
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will 
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.

Tennyson in Ulysses,1842

Or, may we say with Robert Browning:

Grow old along with me!
The best is yet to be,
The last of life, for which the first was made:
Our times are in His hand
Who saith " A whole I planned,
Youth shows but half; trust God; see all, nor be afraid!"

Rabbi Ben Ezra, 1864





Monday 9 April 2018

55,POLITICS BY HATRED


55. POLITICS BY HATRED

Should politics be based on hatred?

If we observe the Indian  political scenario, especially during election times, we cannot escape the conclusion that politics is not only based on hatred, but no other way of conducting politics is possible. Our politicians know nothing better, or even nothing else.
But hatred reigns in our public life even in normal times.

LATEST US EXAMPLE



www.indianlink.com.au

We had an example of this in the last US Presidential elections. The leftist crowd and its press made an absolute Devil of Trump, ridiculing him in all possible ways, even questioning his IQ. He was called ' a bully, a racist, a misogynist'. The Conservatives gave it all back, questioning the health, sanity and veracity of Hillary Clinton. They even questioned whether she was not covered by a double! There were several YouTube channels dedicated to this holy enterprise of mutual mud slinging. When Trump triumphed in the elections fair and square,against all expectations, the leftists  could not take it with grace, and have not given up their  hate games. I think this is the lowest we have seen in the US political behaviour in respect of the polls to the highest office. When someone represents a real change,or threat, the establishment cannot take it!

BLIND HATRED AGAINST BJP

This is what we have been witnessing in India too, ever since the BJP rose to national prominence, winning elections in more states than the Congress ever did. The easiest stick to beat them with is to say loudly that they are communal, even while the Congress is going out of its way to befriend Muslim communal parties and placate the religious minorities in all possible ways. 



Image from YouTube.

In Karnataka, it is even planning to create a new  'minority' religious community out of an old Hindu sect just to catch votes. In Kerala, they align unashamedly with Christian groups. But only BJP is communal! No one bothers to criticise them for their economic and other policy contents. There is no informed debate on policies. To call BJP communal is the essence of Indian politics. Even leading English newspapers and media join this charade. How silly it all looks!

TAMIL NADU: MOTHER OF POLITICS OF HATE

But those in Tamil Nadu are used to politics of hatred for over a century now. This hatred was based on the Aryan invasion theory, actively promoted by colonial interests,as part of their divide and rule trick,  by which all North Indians were considered Aryan, and the South  Dravidian. The South was supposed to be suppressed by the Aryans. But this did not cut much ice outside Tamil Nadu. So, they changed track.
 The Justice Party was started to demand more govt jobs for non-Brahmins, as against the dominance of Brahmins. The leaders were well educated persons from the wealthier sections of non-Brahmins, and they were by no means vulgar. They were silently encouraged by the British who  too felt that administration had come to depend unduly on the Brahmin employees  which was not desirable. They also wanted to foil the rising nationalism among the educated middle class, especially Brahmins, by encouraging non-Brahmin elements loyal to the regime. Justice Party filled the bill admirably as they were totally faithful to the the British, and against the freedom movement. They were in power for 13 years in the old Madras presidency, till they were overthrown in the 1937 elections by the Congress.They could not recover, and the party was dissolved in 1944.

JUSTICE PARTY TO DRAVIDAR KAZHAGAM :
REIGN OF HATRED

The main leaders of the Justice Party were non-Tamils. And they were all deeply religious and orthodox in their own way. Indeed their ways were Brahmanical ie based on Hindu scriptures. Gradually, Tamil elements started asserting themselves. The movement was dominated by E.V.Ramasamy Naicker, a Kannadiga, who started the Dravidar Kazhagam.  He took off on the anti-Aryan, pro-Dravidian plank. He in fact started the politics of open hatred in Tamil Nadu. The Aryan-Dravidian divide, till then merely academic, was brought to the streets.  His politics was based on the hatred of Hinduism as Aryan, , hatred of the Brahmins as custodians of Hinduism and remnants of Aryans in the Tamil land, , denial of God, rejection of the freedom movement under Gandhi and supporting the continuation of British rule. His politics was politics of hatred, A to Z. His hatred did not stop with words;  he incited his followers, who indulged in violence by breaking the images of Hindu deities, by cutting the sacred thread of Brahmins, by cutting off their tuft of hair, etc. He went to the extent of saying that the concept of chastity for women was a non-Tamilian concept imposed by the Aryan Hindus, that the mangal-sutra was a sign of slavery and subjection of women,  and should be discarded. There was thus no end to the manifestation of hatred in his politics. He made hatred fashionable in speech, and acceptable in practice!. As the Brahmins were a small minority, and not given to retaliation, they were helpless and even the govt did not afford them protection.
[Though E.V,Ramasamy Naicker adopted the label of 'Rationalism' for his anti-God stance, he limited himself to attacking the Hindus, and never dared to criticise the Christians or Muslims. This is the  rationalism of the Tamils even today.]

DRAVIDAR KAZHAGAM SPLITS: HATRED CONTINUES

Many of Naicker's young followers left him, appalled by his marriage, at 72 to a 27 year old girl. They were also outraged by the fact that the marriage was mainly to safeguard , by some private arrangement, the wealth he had accumulated,   not trusting his followers in the party. They floated their own outfit, the DMK. In course of time, they developed political ambitions and suitably modified their stand. The demand for a separate Dravidastan was given up as it did not find support in other states and as it was unconstitutional.The initial denial of God became denial of many gods and acceptance of 'One God' ; the opposition to Brahmins was restated as opposition to  "Brahminism". But in practice it did not make any difference, as the cadres continued to oppose Brahmins in all possible ways, whatever might have been the refinement at some top levels. This continues to be the basic plank of all the outfits which have splintered from the DMK.  
Some of them and some new ones call themselves pro-Tamil, instead of Dravidian, espousing separate Tamil nationalism and racism.
 Over the years, the idea of politics based on a separate Dravidian identity has not appealed to non-Tamilians in the South. So, the self-styled Dravidian parties really harp on the idea of the Tamils as a separate race, and nationalism based on Tamil identity. However, its practical expression takes the form of opposition to / hatred of other identities, like Brahmins and North Indians. The idea that Tamils are not Hindus is also spread among the youngsters ,  with the active support of evangelical Christian groups.Thus hatred runs deep in the Tamil psyche, as they have been nurtured in numerous ways in the half century of Dravidian rule. In practice, however, anti-Aryanism is expressed as anti-Brahminism , as if Brahmins alone are Aryans!

As a matter of fact,  all social problems  in Tamil Nadu today are those among the non-Brahmin communities themselves, and Brahmins are no where involved. Yet, Brahmin-baiting is the staple element in Tamil politics! 

INTER-GROUP HATRED

The only new development is perhaps the inter-group rivalry and hatred among the various Tamil outfits. The social media is full of hate messages couched in vulgar, uncivilized language and unrestrained personal attacks full of invective. But they all claim E.V.Ramasamy Naicker as their inspiration even today. And Modi is their common enemy- he is blamed for everything in Tamil Nadu. The groups which do not see eye to eye on most issues, unite against Modi. 

DEMOCRATISATION AND DILUTION OF STANDARDS

With democratisation of politics, some dilution of public standards seems inevitable. With the spreading of education (literacy) and wild flare of information of all types, opinions proliferate, and with it quick judgements. Informed decisions are rare. Our media resort to partisan and partial coverage , and a clever mix of news and views that it is so difficult to arrive at the correct position in respect of any matter in public debate. A certain amount of discord is built into the social fabric in this situation. While this is inevitable, should discord necessarily lead to or express itself in and as open hatred?

FREEDOM STRUGGLE:
HATE-FREE POLITICS

Modern India witnessed intense political activity in the first half of the last century, directed against the colonial government. It had three phases: the moderate era of the likes of Pherozeshah Mehta, Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale; the assertive nationalist era of Tilak, Lajpat Rai, Bepin Chandra Pal, Sri Aurobindo; the mass-action era of Gandhi. Each group criticised the colonial govt in ways appropriate to the stage of development of national consciousness. Perhaps the most intense intellectual attack was by Sri Aurobindo, in language which stunned the British so that the Viceroy himself declared Sri Aurobindo the 'most dangerous man' in the empire. But Sri Aurobindo did not preach hatred against the British; he did not write a single word preaching or justifying hatred against them.

Gandhi emerged as the chief tormentor of the colonial power with a mass base for nearly 3 decades. He expressed opposition in strong words and stern action. But he did not preach hatred against the British or anyone else at any stage.Opposition to colonial rule was a principled stand, but brutal hatred of the British was no part of his agenda or vocabulary. Hatred was not his language of political opposition. Even in matters of social reform, he appealed to the conscience of the perceived wrong-doers, and did not incite hatred against them.

HATRED AND VIOLENCE:
WESTERN LEGACY

With these examples before us, why have our politicians ( it will be too much of a joke to call them leaders) plunged into the games of hatred? Why do we have to tolerate them? How have we developed insensitivity to the vulgarity that accompanies this show of hatred?
But then, is there anything at all the ordinary citizen can do in the matter?


Hatred and violence in politics started with the Communists for whom there is no ethics other than power. In religion, hatred and violence were started by the Christians against the pre-Christian religions that lived peacefully in the Roman empire. As Edward Gibbon said, people believed all the religions to be equally true; the philosophers called them all false; but the administrators found them all useful, and allowed them. There was no hatred until the Christians came along. The Christian then passed along the baton to the Muslim, whose ultimate aim is to win the world by Jihad. Thus we see that the origin of hatred and violence is due to the two proselytizing Abrahamic religions and  leftist political cults.

NEGATIVE ROLE BY PRESS AND MEDIA

The usual institutions of a democratic society such as the Press, the Academia, the body of senior statesmen, wise elders etc do not carry any weight in India. The press is a party to this hatred, perhaps unwittingly, by reporting every  development as it happens, even sensationalising some. A politician is sentenced to prison in a criminal case- that is reported with lot of fanfare. The politician bribes his way to special treatment in prison.That is covered in detail. She comes on parole- that too is widely covered. When she reports back to prison, that too gets prominent space. The same treatment is given to a convicted film star. Thus the press keeps the memory of  convicted criminals green in the public mind. It turns the figure into a sort of hero or heroine! This same type of reporting about the politicians who indulge in hate speech gradually insensitises the public to the hatred involved. It becomes a sort of celebration! It becomes the norm. People forget that there were better times, and better people, and better standards! Our youngsters have absolutely no chance to know how things were before the rise of Dravidian politics.

JUDICIARY TO THE RESCUE?

I feel only our Judiciary may have some power to stop this trail of hatred. For that, somebody has to find a legal or Constitutional key  to the problem and then move our judiciary. Law will have to stop this hatred, or hatred will swallow the law.